Is Inequality 'Natural' or a Choice?

Poverty is often seen as a chance or choice by birth, but it can be challenged through intelligent and continuous efforts. Falling into poverty is a combination of bad luck and poor decision-making. However, for the vast majority, poverty is the result of poor choices, such as drug use, alcohol, gambling, smoking, and crime, which ruin people's lives.

Random Chances and Social Structures

Consider the scenario where Donald Trump had been born into a poor family in Mexico or Appalachia. He might have been one of the migrants he wants to deport, or he could be in jail for selling meth rather than amassing wealth. Similarly, Elon Musk could have been born without inheriting an emerald mine, and Bill Gates might not have had access to the computer labs his mother worked in, leading him to a different socioeconomic path.

These examples illustrate that poverty and access to opportunity are a matter of chance. In the United States, this highlights a failure of institutional and governmental structures to ensure equal protection and support for all citizens, as guaranteed by the US Constitution. Horizons for addressing poverty and inequality are constrained by flawed policies and inadequate welfare programs.

The Roots of Inequality

Inequality can be attributed to various factors, both natural and social. Some argue that differences in physical abilities, intelligence, and other traits can lead to natural hierarchies in society, a concept sometimes referred to as 'survival of the fittest.' Other argue that inequality is shaped by social choices, including government policies, economic systems, and institutional practices. These social constructs can create or exacerbate disparities, often rooted in historical injustices like colonialism, slavery, and systemic discrimination.

Cultural and Economic Influences

Cultural factors and norms also influence perceptions of inequality. Some cultures prioritize egalitarianism, while others accept hierarchical structures. Additionally, economic systems, particularly those based on capitalism, often lead to significant disparities. Capitalism encourages competition, which can result in unequal outcomes based on market dynamics. Redistribution mechanisms, such as welfare programs and taxation, can mitigate or exacerbate inequality, highlighting the role of choice in shaping economic structures.

Philosophical Perspectives on Inequality

Philosophers like John Rawls advocate for principles of justice that promote fairness and equality of opportunity. The concept of meritocracy, which posits that success is based on individual effort and talent, is often criticized for overlooking structural barriers that prevent equal access to opportunities. These differing viewpoints underscore the need for intentional choices about policies, values, and structures to address inequality.

Conclusion

In summary, inequality is influenced by a combination of natural differences and societal choices. While some aspects may seem 'natural,' many inequalities are products of historical, social, and economic decisions. Addressing inequality often requires intentional choices about policies, values, and structures within society to create a more just and equitable system.