Introduction

During World War II, women stepped into roles previously held by men, often rising to the challenge and performing remarkably well. This article explores the aircraft that these female pilots flew, focusing on the trends, records, and the types of aircraft they operated.

The Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA)

The Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), a civilian organization that operated under British Royal Air Force (RAF) control, played a critical role in ferrying aircraft during World War II. The stories, like the one about Hugh Popham's observation, highlight both the challenges and the impressive skills of these pilots.

Beaufighter Squadron at Twatt Airfield

A particularly memorable tale, as shared by David Rendahl, revolves around a Beaufighter squadron at Twatt airfield. A 22-year-old blonde female pilot from the ATA brought a level of professionalism and skill that significantly improved the squadron's landing prowess. This single event underscores the dedication and capability of these female pilots during a time when their contributions were often undervalued.

ATA Operations and Challenges

The ATA's operations were extensive and challenging. Pilots had to fly a wide variety of aircraft, often in extreme weather conditions, and in various locations across the United Kingdom. This role required a high degree of skill and resilience, as highlighted by the example of Amy Johnson, who tragically lost her life during a flight in filthy weather over the Thames estuary.

United States Women Pilots in WWII

Unlike Britain, the United States had female pilots but primarily they were involved in ferrying aircraft rather than combat operations. The Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) and later, the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), played a significant role in supporting the war effort.

Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS)

One of the pioneers of this effort was Nancy Harkness Love, who established the WAFS on September 10, 1942. Initially organized with 25 pilots, the WAFS served a vital function by flying aircraft from factories to airfields. While only 40 women ever wore the WAFS uniform, the organization's impact was substantial. The WAFS certified in various aircraft types, including the PT-19, C-54 Skymaster, B-25 Mitchell, and P-51 Mustang, showcasing the diversity of aircraft they worked with.

Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)

The WASPs, which merged with the WAFS in August 1943, saw a significant expansion of roles. They tested new aircraft, provided training to cadets, and even performed combat-related tasks such as towing targets for anti-aircraft training. High standards were maintained, with fewer than 1900 women accepted into training out of over 25000 applicants, and a lower washout rate compared to male pilots.

Operational Details and Achievements

Between September 1942 and December 1944, the WASPs ferried over 12,652 aircraft of 78 different types. This equates to a yearly average of over 3,162 aircraft, each one playing a critical role in the war effort. This wide array of aircraft included iconic models such as the B-25 Mitchell and the B-17 Flying Fortress, both of which were known for their reliability and performance.

Operational Challenges

The WASPs faced many challenges, including harsh weather conditions and the risk of being shot down by gunners during target tug operations. Thirty-eight women died during their service, with 11 of these fatalities occurring during training and 27 during missions. The fact that these women were not officially recognized as military personnel meant that their sacrifices were not publicly acknowledged.

Legacy of Female Pilots

Despite their significant contributions, the WASPs have become far better known since the late 20th century, with films like Moonstruck (which covered the story of Nancy Harkness Love) and documentaries highlighting their roles. Uncovering the truth about these unsung heroes is vital in remembering the diverse and essential roles women played in World War II.

Conclusion

The aircraft flown by female pilots during World War II ranged from iconic models like the B-29 Superfortress to experimental jets like the Bell YP-59 Airacomet. Their service not only supported the war effort but also proved the capabilities of women in combat aviation roles, despite the limitations and restrictions placed on them. As we honor their legacy, it is clear that their contributions were far-reaching and significantly helped to turn the tide of the war.